单面螺纹抽钉干涉配合复合材料连接结构的疲劳性能研究

通过疲劳试验研究了单面螺纹抽钉干涉配合复合材料连接结构的疲劳性能,分别考虑了紧固件类型、干涉配合量、搭接板材料及铺层次序等影响因素。采用了拉压疲劳试验,拉压比R=-1,循环应力水平则根据静载极限挤压强度值选定。根据疲劳试验循环应力和疲劳寿命曲线(S-N曲线),得到了不同影响因素对疲劳寿命的影响规律。结果表明,选择适当的干涉配合量、紧固件类型及搭接板均能提高结构的疲劳寿命,4种不同主板铺层次序均对结构疲劳寿命影响不大。     

LPV modeling and controller design for body freedom flutter suppression subject to actuator saturation

In recent years, the Active Flutter Suppression (AFS) employing Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) framework has become a hot spot in the research field. Nevertheless, the flutter suppression technique is facing two severe challenges. On the one hand, due to the fatal risk of flight test near critical airspeed, it is hard to obtain the accurate mathematical model of the aeroelastic system from the testing data. On the other hand, saturation of the actuator may degrade the closed-loop performance, which was often neglected in the past work. To tackle these two problems, a new active controller design procedure is proposed to suppress flutter in this paper. Firstly, with the aid of LPV model order reduction method and State-space Model Interpolation of Local Estimates (SMILE) technique, a set of high-fidelity Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) models which are usually derived from flight tests at different subcritical airspeeds are reduced and interpolated to construct an LPV model of an aeroelastic system. And then, the unstable aeroelastic dynamics beyond critical airspeed are ‘predicted’ by extrapolating the resulting LPV model. Secondly, based on the control-oriented LPV model, an AFS controller in LPV framework which is composed of a nominal LPV controller and an LPV anti-windup compensator is designed to suppress the aeroelastic vibration and overcome the performance degradation caused by actuator saturation. Although the nominal LPV controller may have superior performance in linear simulation in which the saturation effect is ignored, the results of the numerical simulations show that the nominal LPV controller fails to suppress the Body Freedom Flutter (BFF) when encountering the actuator saturation. However, the LPV anti-windup compensator not only enhances the nominal controller’s performance but also helps the nominal controller to stabilize the unstable aeroelastic system when encountering serious actuator saturation.     

Interactivity in map learning: The effect of cognitive load

The hypothesis that active learning is beneficial relative to passive observation was assessed in the context of spatial knowledge derived from maps. Active and passive participants studied a map either while performing a simultaneous spatial tapping task (high cognitive load) or in the absence of this task (low cognitive load). Active participants controlled how the map was learned, with passive participants observing map learning without exercising control. Spatial recall was assessed in two tests, directional judgements and map drawing. Map drawing and directional judgments showed a similar pattern of results, with performance detrimentally affected by a high load for active participants, but not for passive participants. The results indicate that activity and cognitive load interact, suggesting that active learning can be detrimental to spatial learning in cognitively demanding tasks.     

Drilling load modeling and validation based on the filling rate of auger flute in planetary sampling

Some type of penetration into a subsurface is required in planetary sampling. Drilling and coring, due to its efficient penetrating and cuttings removal characteristics, has been widely applied in previous sampling missions. Given the complicated mechanical properties of a planetary regolith, suitable drilling parameters should be matched with different drilling formations properly. Otherwise, drilling faults caused by overloads could easily happen. Hence, it is necessary to estab-lish a drilling load model, which is able to reveal the relationships among drilling loads, an auger's structural parameters, soil's mechanical properties, and relevant drilling parameters. A concept for the filling rate of auger flute (FRAF) is proposed to describe drilling conditions. If the FRAF index under one group of drilling parameters is less than 1, this means that the auger flute currently removes cuttings smoothly. Otherwise, the auger will be choked with compressed cuttings. In dril-ling operations, the drilling loads on the auger mainly come from the conveyance action, while the drilling loads on the drill bit primarily come from the cutting action. Experiments in one typical lunar regolith simulant indicate that the estimated drilling loads based on the FRAF coincide with the test results quite well. Based on this drilling load model, drilling parameters have been opti-mized.     

装载约束下飞翼布局气动与隐身综合设计

基于飞翼布局大鼓包式机身,在装载布置约束下开展了气动与隐身综合设计,提出了一种机身低鼓包和双鼓包模型。结合可靠的CFD和隐身计算方法,初步探索了低鼓包和双鼓包气动与隐身特性及机理。结果表明:双鼓包模型极大地降低了全机纵向基本气动性能,但在大迎角时会推迟外翼段前缘分离,对外翼气动特性有一定改善;低鼓包与双鼓包模型整体上RCS差异较小,但双鼓包模型侧向隐身性能更优异。     

Ω型加筋壁板连接结构在拉伸载荷下的破坏研究

考察机身收缩段的复合材料Ω型加筋壁板前段和后段连接结构在拉伸载荷下的承载能力,开展了拉伸破坏试验研究。试验件为壁板与框呈75°夹角的倾斜结构,试验考核了加筋壁板、连接框、连接角盒和紧固件的应变水平、试验件的载荷-位移曲线和破坏载荷。试验结果表明,Ω型加筋壁板前后段连接结构在拉伸载荷下,角盒和框的连接处的紧固件以及框的转角处最先发生破坏。试验结果可作为飞行机身复合材料结构连接的设计和评定依据。     

超静定捆绑火箭传力路径的组合优化策略

为了获得新一代 大推力捆绑火箭捆绑方案的最优设计参数，针对超静定捆绑传力路径进行分析与优化设计。基于PATRAN的二次开发语言PCL对超静定捆绑火箭进行了参数化建模和仿真分析，并运用拉丁超立方试验方法对传力路径设计参数进行灵敏度分析。在此基础上提出了一种多目标粒子 群和序列二次规划算法的组合优化策略，确定了捆绑联接方案设计参数，实现了对捆绑联接装置和助推器结构载荷的高效优化。计算结果表明：组合优化策略能够将主捆绑联接结构的受力减少了30%左右，明显优于单独使用一种全局优化算法或局部优化算法的优化结果。本文研究成果将为新型捆绑火箭捆绑方案优化设计提供参考。     

轴流状态下涵道螺旋桨增升方法的数值模拟

为了进一步提高涵道螺旋桨的功率载荷，提出了一种将螺旋桨部分桨尖嵌入到涵道体内壁面以改善涵道内部的滑流边界和唇口扰流的增升方法。采用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamic, CFD)方法，对其轴流状态的流场流态及气动力特性进行了计算和分析，并与相同直径的孤立螺旋桨及涵道螺旋桨在相同工况下的气动力进行了对比分析。     

基于国际平整度指数IRI的飞机动载系数分析

为分析道面不平整引起的动载作用，研究了国际平整度指数(International roughness index,IRI)与道 面功率谱密度 (Power spectral density,PSD)的关系，并通过建立四分之一飞机振动模型，分析了飞机作用于道面上的动载特性，建立了基于概率的经空气动力修正后的动载系数分析模型，最后以某机型为例对动载系数影响因素进行讨论。结果表明：动载系数随速度增加呈先增大后减小的趋势；道面 平整度等级是影响飞机对道面动力作用的最关键因素；飞机重量与升力影响因子(Lift impact factor,LIF)呈非线性关系，因此动载系数随飞机重量的增加呈非线性变化；飞机高速滑行时动载系数随飞机重量变化的离散程度较大，此时随飞机重量增加，飞机对道面的动力作用增大；动载系数随机轮轮胎 刚度、机身缓冲系统阻尼及刚度的增加近似呈线性变化，机身缓冲系统阻尼增大，动载系数 则减小；机轮轮胎刚度及机身缓冲系统刚度增大，动载系数则增大。     

Transonic aeroelastic simulation for instability searches and uncertainty analysis

In this paper the use of eigenvalue stability analysis of very large dimension aeroelastic numerical models arising from the exploitation of computational fluid dynamics is reviewed. A formulation based on a block reduction of the system Jacobian proves powerful to allow various numerical algorithms to be exploited, including frequency domain solvers, reconstruction of a term describing the fluid-structure interaction from the sparse data which incurs the main computational cost, and sampling to place the expensive samples where they are most needed. The stability formulation also allows non-deterministic analysis to be carried out very efficiently through the use of an approximate Newton solver. Finally, the system eigenvectors are exploited to produce nonlinear and parameterised reduced order models for computing limit cycle responses. The performance of the methods is illustrated with results from a number of academic and large dimension aircraft test cases.